How a Bill Becomes Law

Understand the journey from proposal to Presidential Assent

A bill is a proposed law. It must pass through several stages in both chambers of the National Assembly before it becomes law.
1

First Reading

Bill is introduced and read for the first time.

The title of the bill is read on the floor. No debate occurs at this stage.
2

Second Reading

Debate on general principles of the bill.

Members debate the purpose and importance of the bill before voting.
3

Committee Stage

Detailed examination and public input.

Committees review the bill clause-by-clause and may hold public hearings.
4

Third Reading

Final consideration and vote.

Final version of the bill is voted on. If passed, it moves to the other chamber.
5

Other Chamber

Process repeats in the second chamber.

The bill goes through all stages again in either the Senate or House.
6

Harmonisation

Resolve differences between both chambers.

A conference committee aligns both versions of the bill.

Presidential Assent

The President signs the bill into law.

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